On November 3, the Russian Black Sea Fleet’s Varshavyanka class Kolpino (B-271) submarine fired six SS-N-30 Kalibr cruise missiles from a submerged position in the Mediterranean Sea at targets located in Syria’s Abu Kamal region on the country’s southeastern border with Iraq. A representative from the Russian Ministry of Defense told journalists that Russian forces had conducted 18 airstrikes and 9 sea-based cruise missile attacks against ISIS targets in support of Assad-regime forces in the last three days. On November 1, the Veliky Novgorod (B-268) submarine fired three Kalibr cruise missiles. These missiles reportedly destroyed a command post with “large numbers of militants and armed vehicles and also a large weapons and ammunition depot.”