From May 7-19, NATO ships engaged in live-fire air and missile defense drills off the coast of Scotland. Known as Formidable Shield, the exercise integrated ships from the United States, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom to test allied interoperability. Forces included 13 ships, 10 aircraft, and over 3,300 personnel. In one live fire test conducted on May 10, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Roosevelt (DDG-80) launched an SM-3 antiballistic missile.